Alexander Henderson là một trong những đề bài IELTS Reading thuộc Passage 1, Test 2, Cambridge 14. Để giúp bạn học chinh phục dạng đề này, Edmicro sẽ cung cấp đáp án kèm lời giải chi tiết qua bài viết dưới đây.
Đề bài IELTS Reading “Alexander Henderson”
Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)
Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer
Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.
Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal. Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association’s first meeting, which was held in Notman’s studio on 11 January 1860.
In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson’s early work.
In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.
Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and HT Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.
In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.
In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.
When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.
Questions 1-8:
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
| FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
| NOT GIVEN | if there is no information on this |
1. Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger.
2. Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted.
3. Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment.
4. There were many similarities between Henderson’s early landscapes and those of Notman.
5. The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home.
6. Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery.
7. When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax line had been finished.
8. Henderson’s last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Questions 9-13:
Complete the notes below Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
| Alexander Henderson |
|---|
| Early life – was born in Scotland in 1831 – father was a 9 ……………………… – trained as an accountant, emigrated to Canada in 1855 Start of a photographic career – opened up a photographic studio in 1866 – took photos of city life, but preferred landscape photography – people bought Henderson’s photos because photography took up considerable time and the 10 ……………………… was heavy – the photographs Henderson sold were 11 …………………………… or souvenirs Traveling as a professional photographer – traveled widely in Quebec and Ontario in 1870s and 1880s – took many trips along eastern rivers in a 12………………………….. – worked for Canadian railways between 1875 and 1897 – worked for CPR in 1885 and photographed the 13 …………………………… and the railway at Rogers Pass |
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Đáp án chi tiết
Bảng dưới đây là đáp án cụ thể cho 13 câu hỏi trên:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | FALSE |
| 2 | TRUE |
| 3 | NOT GIVEN |
| 4 | FALSE |
| 5 | NOT GIVEN |
| 6 | TRUE |
| 7 | FALSE |
| 8 | TRUE |
| 9 | merchant |
| 10 | equipment |
| 11 | gifts |
| 12 | canoe |
| 13 | mountains |
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Giải thích đáp án
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Questions 1-8 đề Alexander Henderson
1. FALSE (Henderson hiếm khi đến thăm khu vực xung quanh bất động sản Press khi ông còn trẻ.)
Giải thích: đoạn 1, dòng 6-8
Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.
(Alexander đã dành phần lớn thời thơ ấu của mình ở khu vực này, chơi đùa trên bãi biển gần Eyemouth hoặc câu cá ở những con suối gần đó.)
2. TRUE (Henderson theo đuổi sự nghiệp kinh doanh vì đó là điều mà gia đình ông mong muốn.)
Giải thích: đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family.
(Mặc dù không bao giờ thích viễn cảnh kinh doanh nhưng anh vẫn quyết tâm theo đuổi nó để làm hài lòng gia đình.)
3. NOT GIVEN (Henderson và Notman đã ngạc nhiên trước kết quả của cuộc thí nghiệm năm 1865.)
Giải thích: đoạn 2, dòng 8-10
The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865.
(Hai người đàn ông đã thực hiện một chuyến tham quan chụp ảnh đến Thác Niagara vào năm 1860 và họ hợp tác thực hiện các thí nghiệm sử dụng pháo sáng magie làm nguồn ánh sáng nhân tạo vào năm 1865.)
=> Không đề cập đến cảm xúc ngạc nhiên.
4. FALSE (Có nhiều điểm tương đồng giữa những bức tranh phong cảnh đầu đời của Henderson và của Notman.)
Giải thích: đoạn 3, dòng 1
In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different.
(Dù là bạn bè, phong cách chụp ảnh của họ lại khá khác nhau.)
5. NOT GIVEN (Studio mà Henderson mở vào năm 1866 nằm gần nhà ông.)
Giải thích: đoạn 4, dòng 1
In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer.
(Năm 1866, ông từ bỏ công việc kinh doanh của mình để mở một studio chụp ảnh, tự quảng cáo mình là một nhiếp ảnh gia chân dung và phong cảnh.)
=> Không đề cập đến studio gần nhà.
6. TRUE (Henderson từ bỏ việc chụp chân dung để có thể tập trung vào việc chụp ảnh phong cảnh.)
Giải thích: đoạn 4, dòng 2-3
From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views.
(Từ khoảng năm 1870, ông bỏ chụp chân dung để chuyên chụp ảnh phong cảnh và các góc nhìn khác.)
7. FALSE (Khi Henderson bắt đầu làm việc cho Đường sắt Liên thuộc địa, tuyến đường từ Montreal đến Halifax đã hoàn thành.)
Giải thích: đoạn 6, dòng 6-9
Henderson took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax.
(Henderson đã chụp một số bức ảnh về quá trình xây dựng Đường sắt Liên thuộc địa. Cam kết này đã dẫn đến việc thành lập một ủy ban từ ngành đường sắt vào năm 1875 để ghi lại các công trình chính dọc theo tuyến đường gần như hoàn thành nối Montréal với Halifax.)
8. TRUE (Công việc cuối cùng của Henderson với tư cách là một nhiếp ảnh gia là làm việc với Đường sắt Thái Bình Dương Canada.)
Giải thích: đoạn 7
In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.
(Năm 1892, Henderson nhận lời đảm nhận vị trí toàn thời gian tại CPR với tư cách là giám đốc bộ phận nhiếp ảnh mà ông sẽ thành lập và quản lý. Nhiệm vụ của anh ấy bao gồm việc dành bốn tháng trên thực địa mỗi năm. Mùa hè năm đó, anh thực hiện chuyến đi thứ hai về phía Tây, chụp ảnh dọc theo tuyến đường sắt đến tận Victoria. Ông tiếp tục giữ chức vụ này cho đến năm 1897, khi ông hoàn toàn nghỉ việc nhiếp ảnh.)
Questions 9-13 đề Alexander Henderson
9. merchant
Giải thích: đoạn 1, dòng 1
Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant.
(Alexander Henderson sinh ra ở Scotland vào năm 1831 và là con trai của một thương gia thành đạt.)
10. equipment
Giải thích: đoạn 4, dong 8-10
There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of equipment.
(Trước cuối những năm 1880, có rất ít sở thích cạnh tranh hoặc nhiếp ảnh nghiệp dư vì các kỹ thuật tốn nhiều thời gian và trọng lượng của thiết bị.)
11. gifts
Giải thích: đoạn 4, dòng 10-12
People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.
(Mọi người muốn mua những bức ảnh làm quà lưu niệm trong chuyến đi hoặc làm quà tặng, và để phục vụ cho thị trường này, Henderson đã trưng bày những bức ảnh lưu trữ tại studio của mình để gắn, đóng khung hoặc đưa vào album.)
12. canoe
Giải thích: đoạn 6, dòng 3-4
He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers.
(Ông đặc biệt thích vùng hoang dã và thường di chuyển bằng ca nô trên Blanche, du Lievre và các con sông phía đông nổi tiếng khác.)
13. mountains
Giải thích: đoạn 6, dòng 11-13
In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.
(Năm 1885, ông đi về phía tây dọc theo Đường sắt Thái Bình Dương Canada (CPR) đến tận Đèo Rogers ở British Columbia, nơi ông chụp những bức ảnh về những ngọn núi và tiến độ xây dựng.)
Trên đây là lời giải chi tiết cho đề Alexander Henderson Passage 1, Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 14. Để học thêm nhiều bài IELTS Reading khác nữa, hãy theo dõi các bài viết khác Edmicro ngay nhé!
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