Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 từ các dạng bài thường gặp, cho đến hướng dẫn cách làm chi tiết và bài tập mẫu sẽ được Edmicro giới thiệu trong bài viết này. Cùng chúng mình theo dõi thêm nhé!
Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3
Sau đây, Edmicro sẽ giới thiệu tới bạn các dạng bài thường gặp kèm cách làm chi tiết. Cùng chúng mình theo dõi thêm nhé!
Bài 1: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
Cách làm
Để làm dạng bài viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi, bạn cần thực hiện các bước sau:
- Bước 1: Xác định mệnh đề điều kiện và mệnh đề chính.
- Bước 2: Chia động từ dựa theo dạng mệnh đề. Với mệnh đề điều kiện, động từ sẽ ở dạng had + V3. Đối với mệnh đề chính, ta sẽ chia động từ thành would/could/should have + V3.
Ví dụ:
1. She did not give me her phone number. I could not call her.
If she ………………………………………….. me her phone number, I could have called her.
- Bước 1: Chúng ta xác định được mệnh đề điều kiện là: She did not give me her phone number. Mệnh đề chính (điều kiện) là I could not call her.
- Bước 2: Câu đang cần viết lại là If she ………………………………………….. me her phone number. Vì đây là mệnh đề điều kiện có If. Chúng ta cần chia động từ ở dạng had + V3 thành had given.
-> If she had given me her phone number, I could have called her.
Bài tập
2. He was at work. He could not go with us.
If he had not been at work, he ………………………………………….. with us.
3. My dad did not buy any sugar. My mum did not make any cake.
If my dad …………………………………… some sugar, my mum would have made some cake.
4. I traveled round the world because I had won the lottery.
I wouldn’t have traveled round the world if I …………………………………………….. the lottery.
5. We did not have enough money. We could not afford to eat in restaurants.
If we ………………………………… enough money, we could have afforded to eat in restaurants.
6. You were not prepared. You could not pass the exam.
If you had been prepared, you ………………………………………………… the exam.
7. I came back home late because I had worked long hours.
I would not have come back home late if I ………………………………………………. long hours.
8. I was so young. I had no experience.
If I ……………………………………….. so young, I would have had some experience.
9. They did not go on holiday. They did not have any rest.
If they had gone on holiday, they ………………………………….. some rest.
10. You did not know what to do because you had not listened to me.
You would have known what to do if you …………………………………………… to me.
Đáp án:
1. had given
2. could have gone
3. had bought
4. had not won
5. had had
6. could have passed
7. had not worked
8. had not been
9. would have had
10. had listened
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng
Cách làm
Để làm bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 dạng bài tìm lỗi sai, chúng ta cần trải qua 2 bước:
- Bước 1: Xác định lỗi sai
Các lỗi sai thường gặp khi làm bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3, đó là lỗi chia động từ. Chúng ta cần xác định 2 dạng mệnh đề trong câu. Sau đó kiểm tra dạng động từ của mệnh đề đó.
- Bước 2: Sửa lỗi sai
Ví dụ: If I had studied harder, I would have gotten a better grade.
Trong câu này, chúng ta có:
- Mệnh đề điều kiện: If I had studied harder (nếu tôi đã học chăm chỉ hơn.)
- Mệnh đề chính (kết quả): I would have got a better grade. (Tôi sẽ đạt điểm cao hơn.)
Trong mệnh đề chính, chúng ta cần chia động từ ở dạng would/could/should have + V3. Vì thế, động từ would have got đang bị chia sai thì. Chúng ta cần chuyển thành would have gotten.
Bài tập
1. couldn’t stay with you. I wouldn’t have left if I didn’t have the appointment.
2. My sister didn’t want to marry Jim. If he had proposed to her, she would refuse.
3. We couldn’t buy the house. But we would have done it if we had enough money.
4. I didn’t catch a word.. If I had understood, I’d give them some advice.
5. If he wasn’t the best player in the team, he wouldn’t have earned so much.
6. Peter was furious. He wouldn’t lose his temper if he hadn’t done all the work on his own.
7. The kitten didn’t want to leave the house. Otherwise it would have played in the garden if it didn’t rain cats and dogs.
8. I didn’t know that he was at home. I would drop in if I had known it.
9. They wouldn’t have travelled by ship if the authorities didn’t close the airpoirt on the island.
10. She was so pretty. If I were twenty years younger, I would have asked her to marry me.
Đáp án:
1. didn’t have => hadn’t had
2. would refuse => would have refuse
3. had => had had
4. I’d give => would have given
5. wasn’t => hadn’t been
6. wouldn’t lose => wouldn’t have lost
7. didn’t rain => hadn’t rained
8. would drop => would have dropped
9. didn’t close => hadn’t closed
10.were => had been
Bài 3: Bài tập đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3
Cách làm
Bước 1: Nắm vững cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3
- Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
- Had + S + (not) + been + Adj/N, S2 + would/could/should + have + (not) + V_ed/Past Participle
- Ví dụ:
- Cấu trúc gốc: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- Cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Had I studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Bước 2: Phân tích và sửa lỗi sai thường gặp
- Lỗi động từ:
- Sử dụng sai thì động từ trong mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề chính
- Ví dụ: “Had I was rich, I would have bought a house.” (Sai: “was” -> “been”)
- Lỗi cấu trúc:
- Thiếu “Had” hoặc “would have”
- Ví dụ: “I would have been happy if I had won the lottery.” (Sai: Thiếu “Had” trước “I would have been happy”)
- Sử dụng từ ngữ không phù hợp:
- Sử dụng từ ngữ không phù hợp với ngữ cảnh hoặc không chính xác về mặt ngữ pháp
- Ví dụ: “Had I studied harder, I would have gotten a better grade.” (Sai: “gotten” -> “got”)
Ví dụ
Had I known you were coming, I would have cooked dinner.
-> Had I known you were coming, I would have cooked dinner.
Bài tập
1. If I had known earlier, I would have made different plans.
2. If you hadn’t been late, we would have caught the train.
3. If it had not rained, we would have had a picnic in the park.
4. If he hadn’t squandered all his savings, he wouldn’t be poor now.
5. If I hadn’t chosen to learn English, I wouldn’t be doing this exercise right now.
6. If it hadn’t been so strange, I would have remembered it.
Đáp án:
1. Had I known earlier, I would have made different plans.
2. Had you not been late, we would have caught the train.
3. Had it not rained, we would have had a picnic in the park.
4. Had he not squandered all his savings, he wouldn’t be poor now.
5. Had I not chosen to learn English, I wouldn’t be doing this exercise right now.
6. Had it not been so strange, I would have remembered it.
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
Cách làm
Để làm dạng bài chọn đáp án, bạn cũng làm tương tự các dạng bài trên. Hãy xác định các loại mệnh đề và chọn loại động từ phù hợp.
Bài tập
1. What birthday present would you have bought for me if you (have not forgotten / had not forgotten) about it?
2. Marion (would have been shocked / would be shocked) if you had told her the truth.
3. Suppose you had wanted to apply for the job, how (would you have done / you would have done) it?
4. I would have agreed with the contract on condition that I (would have had / had had) enough time to think it over.
5. If we (would have made / had made) the decision in time, we wouldn’t have missed the chance.
6. He would have worked on the project provided he (had raised / would have raised) some funds.
7. If the trees had died, what (had you planted / would you have planted) instead of them?
8. We would have rented the car on condition that it (wasn’t / hadn’t been) so expensive.
9. We would have ordered the new PC provided that they (would have delivered / had delivered)(would have delivered / had delivered) it immediately.
10. If you had lent me the money, I (had given / would have given) it back to you the following week.
Đáp án:
1. had not forgotten
2. would have been shocked
3. would you have done
4. had had
5. had made
6. had raised
7. would you have planted
8. hadn’t been
9. had delivered
10. would have given
Bài 5: Đưa động từ trong ngoặc về dạng đúng để hoàn thành câu
1. I couldn’t help you because I was ill. If I …………………………………. ill, I …………………………………… you. (not fall | help)
2. I didn’t apply for the job. Provided that I ……………………………………….. the position, I ………………………. to move to New York. (be offered | have)
3. I asked about the way. But if I …………………………….. the GPS, I ……………………………………… the place. (not have | not find)
4. We were on the beach all day. But if we ………………………… in the shade, we ………………………………… . (keep | not get sunburnt)
5. We didn’t see the film. Suppose our dad ……………………………………………. the football match, we …………………………………………… the film. (not prefer | watch)
6. She got up at 5 o’clock. She ………………………………………. the train if she ………………………………… later. (miss | get up)
7. My new classmates were friendly. If my teachers …………………………………….. in a friendly manner too, I ……………………………………….. the new school. (behave | like)
8. I never ate sushi in Japan. I was afraid that I …………………………………. sick if I ……………………………. it. (feel | try)
9. You couldn’t believe Jill. If you ………………………. her a secret, she …………………………………….. it away. (tell | give)
10. Did they want you to work overtime? They ……………………………………….. you to do it on condition that they ……………………………. you a bonus. (can ask | pay)
Đáp án:
1. had not fallen / would have helped
2. had been offered / would have had
3. had not had / would not have found
4. had kept / would not have got sunburn
5. had not preferred / would have watched
6. would have missed / had got up
7. had behaved / would have liked
8. would have felt / had tried
9. had told / would have given
10. could have asked / had paid
Tóm tắt lý thuyết câu điều kiện loại 3
Định nghĩa: Câu điều kiện loại 3 được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ bởi điều kiện nói tới đã không xảy ra.
Công thức: If + S + had + Vpp, S + would/could/might + have + Vpp
Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả sự việc không xảy ra trong quá khứ do một điều kiện không thực tế.
- Thể hiện sự tiếc nuối, hối hận hoặc trách móc về một điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
- Có thể sử dụng “unless” thay cho “if not” trong mệnh đề điều kiện.
Lưu ý:
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 chỉ mang tính giả định, không thể xảy ra trong thực tế.
- Có thể sử dụng “should” thay cho “would” để diễn tả sự hối tiếc hoặc trách móc.
Bài viết trên đã cung cấp toàn bộ nội dung về bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3. Nếu còn gì thắc mắc cần được giải đáp, bạn đừng ngại liên hệ Edmicro nhé! Chúc bạn học tiếng Anh thành công!
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