Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích được sử dụng phổ biến trong tiếng Anh, cả trong giao tiếp lẫn văn viết. Hãy cùng Edmicro tổng hợp các nội dung kiến thức cũng như luyện tập thực hành về loại mệnh đề này nhé!
Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích là gì?
Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ hoặc trạng ngữ trong mệnh đề độc lập, nhằm chỉ mục đích, ý định, nguyện vọng,… của người thực hiện hành động.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề phụ thuộc, thường bắt đầu bằng các từ liên từ phụ thuộc như:
- To: Đây là cấu trúc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích phổ biến nhất, được sử dụng rộng rãi trong mọi ngữ cảnh.
- In order to: Tương tự như “to”, nhưng mang tính trang trọng hơn.
- So as to: Tương tự “to”, nhưng nhấn mạnh vào mục đích, ý định của người thực hiện hành động.
- So that/In order that: Tương tự “to”, nhưng nhấn mạnh vào kết quả của hành động.
- For: Cấu trúc này ít phổ biến hơn, nhưng vẫn được sử dụng trong một số trường hợp nhất định.
Ví dụ:
- I stayed up late to watch the fireworks
- She tried to get home early so that she could spend more time with her children..
Cấu trúc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
Cấu trúc chung
| Mệnh đề độc lập + từ liên từ phụ thuộc + mệnh đề chỉ mục đích |
Các cấu trúc phổ biến hay gặp
1. Cấu trúc với “in order to”, “so as to”, “to”
| S + V + “in order to”/ “so as to”/ “to” + V(nguyên thể) |
Ví dụ: We went to the library so as to borrow some books.
Lưu ý:
- “In order to“ và “so as to“ đều có nghĩa là “để, để mà”, được dùng để giới thiệu về mục đích của hành động, sử dụng trong mọi ngữ cảnh.
- “To“ cũng có nghĩa là “để, để mà”, nhưng thường được sử dụng trong các câu thông tục, không trang trọng.
2. Cấu trúc với “so that”, “in order that”
| S + V + “so that”/ “in order that” + S + (can/could/will/would) + V |
Ví dụ: I’m taking a class so that I can learn a new language.
Lưu ý: “so that“ thường nhấn mạnh vào kết quả của hành động, còn “in order that“ nhấn mạnh vào mục đích, ý định của người thực hiện hành động.
3. Cấu trúc với “for”
| S + V + “for” + (O + to-V) / V-ing / N |
Ví dụ: We went to the mall for entertainment.
Các cấu trúc khác
| Cấu trúc | Công thức | Ví dụ |
| With the aim of/ with a view to/ with the intention of (với mục đích) | S + V + with the aim of/ with a view to/ with the intention of + V-ing/N | The company is expanding with a view to increasing its market share. |
| In case of (phòng khi) | S + V + in case of + V-ing/N | I took a first-aid kit in case of an accident. |
| Lest (sợ rằng) | S + V + lest + S + V | They tiptoed through the house, lest they wake the baby. |
| Avoid (né tránh) | S + V + to + avoid + V-ing/N | They wore sunscreen to avoid getting sunburned. |
| Prevent (ngăn chặn, ngăn cản) | S + V + to + prevent + (from) + V-ing/N | She saved money to prevent financial difficulties in the future. |
| For fear of (đề phòng) | S + V + for fear of + V-ing/N | They cancelled the trip for fear of a hurricane. |
| For fear that (sợ rằng) | S + V + for fear that + S + (might/could) + V | I double-checked my work for fear that I might have made a mistake. |
XEM THÊM: Mệnh Đề Danh Từ: Lý Thuyết & Bài Tập Đầy Đủ Nhất
Bài tập vận dụng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
Bài 1: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu:
1. They built a bridge (in order to/for) people to cross the river.
2. The government passed a law (in order to/ so that) children could go to school for free.
3. He ate a lot (so not as to/ in order to) gain weight.
4. He’s going to the gym (so that/ in order that) he can have abs.
5. They started a new business (for/ with the intention of) making a profit.
6. I always carry an umbrella (so as to/ in case of) rain.
7. I locked the door (prevent/ lest) someone break in.
8. The doctor prescribed medication to (avoid/ prevent) further infections.
9. He hid in the shadows (in case of/ for fear of) being discovered.
10. They whispered their plans (for fear that/ lest) someone might be listening.
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. The city council installed solar panels on public buildings ___________ reduce their carbon footprint.
A) with a view to
B) so that
C) for
D) lest
2. I woke up early on the day of the festival ___________ miss the parade.
A) to avoid
B) in order not to
C) in case of
D) with the intention of
3. They planted trees along the highway ___________ prevent soil erosion.
A) so as to
B) for fear of
C) so that not
D) with the aim of
4. We brought raincoats ___________ get caught in the unexpected downpour.
A) in order not to
B) for fear that
C) because of
D) lest
5. The company implemented new recycling policies ___________ protect the environment.
A) to
B) so as to
C) with the intention of
D) with a view to
6. Tourists often book their flights months in advance ___________ ensure they get the best deals.
A) in order to
B) so that
C) to avoid
D) with the aim of
7. The airport installed self-service baggage check-in machines ___________ speed up the processing time.
A) for
B) so as to
C) to avoid
D) with a view to
8. We always pack light when traveling ___________ save space and reduce baggage fees.
A) so that
B) in order to
C) lest
D) for fear of
9. Cyclists wear helmets ___________ protect their heads in case of accidents.
A) to
B) in order that
C) lest
D) for fear of
10. The park organizers hired extra security personnel ___________ ensure the safety of festival attendees.
A) so that
B) in order to
C) with the intention of
D) for fear that
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cấu trúc được cho sẵn:
1. We avoid using harsh chemicals in cleaning because we care about protecting the environment. (With a view to/ with the intention of)
2. During the festival, the organizers set up recycling stations so that attendees could dispose of their waste responsibly. (So that/ in order that)
3. She eats a balanced diet to maintain good health and avoid nutritional deficiencies. (In order to/ so as to)
4. He uses natural skincare products because he fears the potential adverse effects of synthetic chemicals. (For fear of)
5. They installed solar panels on their roof with the aim of reducing their carbon footprint and reliance on fossil fuels. (With the aim of/ with a view to)
6. The community organizers planted trees around the park to improve air quality and create a more pleasant environment. (So as to/ in order to)
7. He always washes his hands thoroughly before cooking to prevent the spread of foodborne illnesses. (So as to/ in order to)
8. She avoids sugary drinks and processed foods because she wants to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases. (In order to/ so as to)
9. The festival organizers arranged for additional security measures to ensure the safety and security of all participants. (With the intention of/ with the view to)
10. They installed rain barrels on their property to collect rainwater for watering their plants, thus conserving precious water resources. (So as to/ in order to)
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
- For
- So that
- In order to
- So that
- With the intention of
- In case of
- Lest
- Prevent
- For fear of
- Lest
Bài 2:
- A
- B
- A
- A
- D
- A
- D
- B
- A
- C
Bài 3:
- We avoid using harsh chemicals in cleaning with a view to/ with the intention of protecting the environment.
- During the festival, the organizers set up recycling stations so that/ in order that attendees could dispose of their waste responsibly.
- She eats a balanced diet in order to/ so as to maintain good health and avoid nutritional deficiencies.
- He uses natural skincare products for fear of the potential adverse effects of synthetic chemicals.
- They installed solar panels on their roof with the aim of/ with a view to reducing their carbon footprint and reliance on fossil fuels.
- The community organizers planted trees around the park so as to/ in order to improve air quality and create a more pleasant environment.
- He always washes his hands thoroughly before cooking so as to/ in order to prevent the spread of foodborne illnesses.
- She avoids sugary drinks and processed foods so as to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases.
- The festival organizers arranged for additional security measures with the intention of ensuring the safety and security of all participants.
- They installed rain barrels on their property in order to collect rainwater for watering their plants, thus conserving precious water resources.
Trên đây là tổng hợp các nội dung kiến thức về mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. Để nắm vững các quy tắc và vận dụng chúng một cách thành thạo, bạn nên luyện tập thường xuyên các bài tập từ cơ bản đến nâng cao. Edmicro chúc bạn học tập tốt!
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